Surveying-instrument



(No Model.)

Patented. Nov. 7, 1882.

LNV-ENTOR @fiL/K WITNESSES ATTORNEYS.

N. FEVERS. PlwwLimugn hur. Washin ton. D. C.

2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

(No Model.)

K. FREEMAN.

SURVEYING INSTRUMENT.

Patented Nov. 7, 1882.

WITNESSES I ATTORNEYS.

KASSON FREEMAN, OF GRAND RAPIDS,

MICHIGAN, ASSIGNOR OF ONE- FOURTH TO HENRY DURBIN, OF OAK GREEK, \VISCONSIN.

SURVEYING-INSTRUMENT.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 267,l'78, dated November 7, 1882.

Application filed February 16, 1882. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, KASSON FREEMAN, of Grand Itapids,in the count-yof Kent and State of Michigamhave invented certain new and useful Improvements in ments; and I do hereby declare lowing is a Surveying Instruthat the folfull, clear, and exact description of the same. reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part iication, in whichof this speci- I igure 1 is an elevation of my improved tripod, cross, and stali". Fig. 2 is a the cross and registering-table. perspective view of the tripod and 4, 5, and 6 are detail views.

plan view of Fig. 3 is a staff. Figs.

Figs. 7 and 8 are perspective views, showing the positions of the devices when in use.

In the employment of a chain in surveying land great inaccuracies have heretofore arisen in the measurements, particularly in rough and broken lands, the chain-men perienced generally,

being inexso that it is difficult to find two men that would measure twenty chains twice alike. To remedy this det'e ct and to ob- 2 tain what is extremely important-an exact survey-and at the same time to dispense entirely with the employment of the chain and chain-men, are the objects of m and to these ends my invention co y invention; nsists in the c em ploymentof a compass or transit-instrument provided with a micrometer-sight and a cross,

and with a registering-table having micrometersights, and a staii' detachably tripod, whereby the employment entirely dispensed with.

secured to a of a chain is My invention further consists in certain dehereinafter more fully set a represents with the micrometer-sight each composed of a vertical arm, the micrometer-sight having a vertical central slit, 0,

and a vertical slit, 0, lying on each side of the central slit and at equal distances therefrom. The micrometer and b b lie diametrically opposite eac plain sights h other, and

a central horizontal wire crossing the vertical wires.

d represents a polygonal collar,

to the alter- -1ever will fall into nate outer faces of which are secured the arms d, which are each inserted in a vertical slot,

01 in a leg, d of a tripod, the arms (1 being pivotally secured in the slots in the legs of the tripod by means of the bolts (1, each passing through the upper ends of the legs and the holes in the arms (1, whereby the legs d are pivotally secured to the collar, constituting a tripod with a central hole in the collar.

6 represents a sleeve projecting vertically upward from the central hole in the collar, adapted to receive and hold a staff, f, provided with a spirit-level, g.

It represents a horizontal flange projecting from the sleeve 0, adapted to support a cross and registering table, 41, hereinafter more fully set forth.

j represents a set-screw passing through a hole in one of the sides of the collar d, and having its inner end bearing against the stafi'f.

i represents my improved cross and register of chain-and-link measures, and it consists of an outer stationary ring, 70, graduated for links from 0 around to 100, and having a hole, I, opposite each graduation, each of which holes I is adapted to receive a vertical pin, m, on the outer end of a spring-lever, m, the opposite end of which is secured to a rotating ring, a, concentric with the outer stationary ring, 7c. The ring a is graduated for links from 0 to] 00 in the same manner as the outer stationary ring, 70.

m represents a lever with a cam, m on its lower end. The lever m is pivoted in bearings in the spring-lever in, over a slot, m, in

the upper face of the spring-lever m. By this construction, by raising the outer end of the lever m the pin m is raised out of its hole Z, and the inner movable ring, a, may be turned forward or backward, as desired, and by throwing down the lever m the pin on the springone of the holes I.

m represents a check-pin on the stationary ring k, to indicate by the levers striking against it in its revolution that one hundred links,or one chain, has been passed over, which 5 should then be noted by moving the chain-circle one hole. A

'70 and 1X represent respectively an inner stationary and rotating ring, constructed and distance. The

graduated for chains in the same manner as the stationary and movable rings 7m described, the movable ring being provided with a springlever, m, having a vertical pin, m, to engage with the holes in the stationary ring 7c.

0 0 represent er stationary ring, it, and lying diametrically opposite each other and at right angles to each other, and affording supports for the plain and micrometer sights b b.

In practice, after the compass or transit-instrument is set and the direction noted, the flagman proceeds along the line to any desired cross carrying the register and stafifis then planted along theline at any point. After this has been accomplished the staff is removed from its position in the cross by the flagman, who moves with it from the cross in a line at right angles to the survey-line until the staff is covered by the outside slot in the micrometer-sight or micrometer-wires or stadia-hairs in instrument on that side of the line which is indicated by the surveyor, and there plants the stafl'; The horizontal distance in feet and fractions of a foot from the center of staff to the center of the cross is then measured, one foot being equal to one chain, and onetenth of a foot equal to ten links, the tape line or measure being divided into feet, and the lat ter decimally, orinto tenths of a foot, and the distance entered in the registering-table. On arriving at the cross, and after noting the distance and recording the same, I take a look through the sights of the cross, which are on the right line, andif there are any trees, houses, or any other obstructions on the line, before taking up the cross by the flagman I set my compass or transit to either side, at right angles, far enough to clear said obstructions, and note the distance, and at the next setting place it back again on the line in the same manner. As soon as the cross is set and flag-pole taken out the axman can look through the sights and note the brush, 850., to be cleared on the .line, and keep at work while the surveyor is advancing, and on approaching a river or lake projections secured tothe outthe distance across the same can be taken in What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

l. The cross and register 6, provided with the plain and micrometer sights b b, substantially as described, and for the purpose set forth.

2. The combination, with a tripod provided with the collar 01, having central orifice, sleeve 6, and flangeh and staiff, of the cross and register 6, having the plain and micrometer sights b b, substantially as described, and for the purpose set forth.

3. The cross and register 2', provided with the plain and micrometer sightsb I), stationary graduated rings It, provided with holes l, rotating graduated rings a n, spring-levers m, secured to the rotating rings, and cam-levers m substantially as described, and for the purpose set forth.

4. The combination of a compass provided with opposite plain and micrometer sights, a cross and register provided with opposite plain and micrometer sights, a tripod for supporting said cross and register, having a central orifice in its collar, and a stantially as described.

5. The combination, with a compass or transit-instrument, of the micrometer-sight b, provided with the vertical central slot. 0, andtparallel vertical side slots, 0 a, substantially as described, and for the purpose set forth.

KASSON FREEMA N.

Witnesses:

SoLoN (J. KEMON, JOHN T. LAWRENCE.

detachable staff, sub- 

